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HMS ''Devastation'' was an 8-gun British Royal Navy bomb vessel purchased in 1804 and sold in 1816. The ship served in the English Channel, the Baltic, off the coast of Spain, and in the United States during the Napoleonic Wars and War of 1812, most notably at the bombardment of Fort McHenry in the Battle of Baltimore in September 1814. ==Ship history== As part of Britain's measures against Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom ''Devastation'' was part of a large squadron, comprising eleven ships, ten brigs, three bomb-vessels, an armed lugger, and a cutter, which on 24 and 25 April 1805, captured eight unarmed schuyts and an unarmed transport ship at Boulogne. In 1808 ''Devastation'' was part of the squadron under the command of Rear-Admiral Richard Keats operating in the Baltic Sea during the war with Denmark–Norway. When news of the uprising of the Spanish against the French reached Denmark, some 12,000 Spanish troops of the Division of the North stationed there under the command of the Marquis de la Romana decided that they wished to leave French service and return to Spain. The Marquis contacted Rear-Admiral Keats in his flagship , and on 9 August 1808 the Spaniards seized the fort and town of Nyborg. Keats' squadron then took possession of the port and organized the transportation of the Spanish back to their home country. ''Devastation'' took part in the Walcheren Campaign in July and August 1809. At the end of 1810 Cadiz was being besieged by the French, who had assembled a flotilla of gun-boats to attack the town. On 23 November ''Devastation'', , and , with a number of English and Spanish mortar and gun-boats, attacked the French flotilla at El Puerto de Santa María, firing some hundred shells among them with considerable effect. During the War of 1812 ''Devastation'', commanded by Thomas Alexander, was part of the squadron under the command of James Gordon which in August-September 1814 sailed up the Potomac River in the raid on Alexandria, seeing the destruction of Fort Warburton and accepting the surrender of the town. There they captured twenty-two merchant vessels and vast quantities of plunder, including 16,000 barrels of flour, 1,000 hogsheads of tobacco, 150 bales of cotton and some $5,000 worth of wine, sugar and other items before withdrawing. In the subsequent Battle of Baltimore, ''Devastation'' was one of five bomb-vessels that shelled Fort McHenry for 25 hours on 13-14 September, though without result. On the morning of 31 October 1814, ''Devastation'' arrived at Parker's Point, Virginia, on the Potomac River, and landed two hundred seamen and marines to procure cattle. They were was attacked by an enemy force of about 114 cavalry and 1,000 infantry, with five field guns, which they repulsed, taking two prisoners and twenty horses, and afterwards re-embarked without loss. Early the next year ''Devastation'' was operating off Cumberland Island, Georgia. On 14 January 1815, after the capture of Fort Peter, British troops accompanied by the ''Devastation'' and ascended the river to St. Marys and occupied the town. On 11 May 1816 ''Devastation'' was one of large number of war-surplus ships and vessels advertised for sale at Portsmouth. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Devastation (1804)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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